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2024 年阿贝尔奖得主公布
原创 数学往事 数学往事 2024-03-21 00:13 江西
2024: Michel Talagrand 图片来源:Peter Bagde/Typos1/Abel Prize 2024
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
米歇尔·塔拉格兰(Michel Talagrand) 荣获2024年阿贝尔奖!
“表彰他对概率论和泛函分析的开创性贡献,在数学物理和统计学方面有杰出的应用。”
米歇尔·塔拉格兰(Michel Talagrand)因其在概率论和随机过程方面的工作而获奖。从一开始,概率论的发展就受到赌博或风险评估中出现的问题的推动。米歇尔·塔拉格兰(Michel Talagrand)的突破性发现的共同主题是处理和理解我们周围看到的随机过程。很明显,在当今世界,对随机现象的透彻理解是必不可少的。例如,随机算法支撑着我们的天气预报和大型语言模型。
现代世界是由不断流动的随机事件组成的,从商业物流到凝聚态物理学,一切事物都受随机性的影响。Talagrand 的大部分工作都涉及理解和利用“高斯分布”,通常更广为人知的是“正态分布”,或者由于其形状而被称为“钟形曲线”。我们的整个生活都以高斯分布为指导:婴儿出生时的体重、学生在学校获得的考试成绩以及运动员退役的年龄都是看似随机的事件,它们都巧妙地遵循高斯分布。
三个具体领域
阿贝尔奖颁发给 Talagrand工作的 三个具体领域:
Suprema of stochastic processes – A stochastic process produces a sequence of random values, and the "supremum" is the largest value to be expected from a collection of those values. If the height of waves crashing on a beach is a stochastic process, it is useful to know what the largest wave to hit the beach next year is likely to be.
Concentration of measures – Counterintuitively, when a process depends on a range of different sources of randomness, instead of getting more complicated, it is possible for the different random factors to compensate for each other and produce more predictable results. Talagrand has given sharp quantitative estimates for this.
Spin glass – Leaving abstract probability theory behind, a "spin glass" is a special form of matter that atoms can arrange themselves in, much to the initial surprise of physicists. Talagrand used his knowledge of statistics and probability to prove limits on how spin glass matter can behave, and thereby completed the proof of Giorgio Parisi’s Nobel Prize winning work (2021).
Michel Talagrand 学术成果发表一览
期刊 篇数
Ann. Probab. 37
Israel J. Math. 18
C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. A-B 17
Probab. Theory Related Fields 17
Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 13
C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. I Math. 12
C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 10
Bull. Sci. Math. (2) 8
J. Theoret. Probab. 7
Math. Oper. Res. 7
SIAM J. Comput. 7
Geom. Funct. Anal. 6
Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Probab. Statist. 5
Math. Ann. 5
Ann. Appl. Probab. 4
Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 4
Combinatorica 4
Invent. Math. 4
Random Structures Algorithms 4
Studia Math. 4
Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 4
Z. Wahrsch. Verw. Gebiete 4
Amer. J. Math. 3
Ann. Sci. Ecole Norm. Sup. (4) 3
Ann. of Math. (2) 3
Mathematika 3
Acta Math. 2
Bull. Soc. Math. France 2
J. Amer. Math. Soc. 2
J. Multivariate Anal. 2
附录:历届阿贝尔奖获奖者
2024: Michel Talagrand
2023: Luis A. Caffarelli
2022: Dennis Parnell Sullivan
2021: Avi Wigderson
2021: Laszlo Lovasz
2020: Gregory Margulis
2020: Hillel Furstenberg
2019: Karen Keskulla Uhlenbeck
2018: Robert P. Langlands
2017: Yves Meyer
2016: Sir Andrew J. Wiles
2015: John F. Nash
2015: Louis Nirenberg
2014: Yakov G. Sinai
2013: Pierre Deligne
2012: Endre Szemerédi
2011: John Milnor
2010: John Torrence Tate
2009: Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov
2008: John Griggs Thompson
2008: Jacques Tits
2007: Srinivasa S. R. Varadhan
2006: Lennart Carleson
2005: Peter D. Lax
2004: Sir Michael Francis Atiyah
2004: Isadore M. Singer
2003: Jean-Pierre Ser |
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